ABSTRAK
Ulfatul Khasanah 18.11.41.043. Learned Helplessness Wanita Korban
Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (Kdrt) Dampingan Yayasan Spek-Ham
Surakarta. Psikologi Islam. Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Dakwah Universitas
Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta. 2025.
Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) merupakan bentuk kekerasan yang
berdampak serius terhadap kondisi psikologis korban, terutama perempuan.
Meskipun berbagai bentuk pendampingan telah tersedia, tidak sedikit korban yang
tetap bertahan dalam relasi kekerasan dan menunjukkan sikap pasif serta tidak
berdaya. Fenomena ini dapat dijelaskan melalui konsep learned helplessness,
yaitu kondisi ketika individu merasa tidak memiliki kendali atas situasi buruk
yang dialami, sehingga berhenti berusaha untuk mengubah keadaan. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adala untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai kondisi learned helplessness
yang dialami oleh wanita korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT)
dampingan Yayasan SPEK-HAM Surakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakn metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan
fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan tiga informan dengan kriteria informan
yang dibutuhkan yaitu; korban KDRT yang masih bertahan dalam pernikahan, dan
mendapatkan pendampingan dari SPEK-HAM. Pengumpulan data dilakukan
melalui wawancara semi terstruktur, dan observasi non partisipan (non
participant). Pemeriksaan kredibiltas menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan
member checking. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data dari
Moustakas. Tahap analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pengurungan
persepsi, membuat daftar pernyataan penting, mengelompokkan menjadi tema
tema tertentu, dan menulis deskripsi fenomena.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga informan mengalami
kondisi learned helplessness, yang ditunjukkan melalui sikap pasif, rasa tidak
berdaya, serta ketidakmampuan untuk mengambil keputusan keluar dari hubungan
kekerasan. Kekerasan yang mereka alami mencakup kekerasan fisik, psikologis,
dan ekonomi. Ketakutan, rasa malu, dan keterikatan emosional menjadi faktor
penghambat bagi para korban untuk mencari pertolongan. Dukungan sosial dari
lembaga SPEK-HAM, seperti pendampingan psikologis, memberikan dampak
positif dalam proses pemulihan. Dua informan mulai menunjukkan kesadaran atas
hak mereka dan keberanian untuk mengupayakan perubahan. Namun, satu
informan masih menunjukkan kesulitan keluar dari kondisi learned helplessness
karena minimnya dukungan sosial dari lingkungan terdekat.
Kata Kunci: Learned helplessness, Korban KDRT, Dukungan sosial
vii
ABSTRACT
Ulfatul Khasanah 18.11.41.043. Learned Helplessness Wanita Korban
Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (Kdrt) Dampingan Yayasan Spek-Ham
Surakarta. Psikologi Islam. Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Dakwah Universitas
Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta. 2025.
Domestic violence (DV) is a form of abuse that has a serious impact on the
psychological well-being of its victims, particularly women. Although various
forms of support and assistance are available, many victims remain in abusive
relationships and exhibit passive and helpless behavior. This phenomenon can be
explained through the concept of learned helplessness, a psychological condition
in which individuals believe they have no control over adverse situations, leading
them to cease efforts to change their circumstances. The aim of this study is to
describe the condition of learned helplessness experienced by women who are
victims of domestic violence and who receive support from the SPEK-HAM
Foundation in Surakarta.
This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach.
Three informants participated in the study, selected based on the criteria of being
domestic violence victims who remain in their marriages and are receiving
assistance from SPEK-HAM. Data were collected through semi-structured
interviews and non-participant observation. The credibility of the data was
ensured through source triangulation and member checking. Data analysis
followed Moustakas’ phenomenological method, involving processes such as
epoche (bracketing), listing significant statements, clustering them into themes,
and constructing a textual and structural description of the phenomenon.
The results of this study showed that the three informants experienced
learned helplessness, as evidenced by their passive attitudes, feelings of
powerlessness, and inability to make decisions to leave their abusive
relationships. The abuse they experienced included physical, psychological, and
economic violence. Fear, shame, and emotional attachment were key inhibiting
factors that prevented the victims from seeking help. Social support from SPEK
HAM, including psychological counseling, had a positive impact on their recovery
process. Two informants began to show awareness of their rights and the courage
to seek change. However, one informant continued to struggle with learned
helplessness due to a lack of social support from her immediate environment.
Keywords: Learned helplessness, domestic violence victims, social support